Analysis of the disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In September 2022, the data of incidence, prevalence, morality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from GBD 2019, including absolute number and age-standardized rate (ASR). Joinpoint linear regression model was used to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) and analyze the change trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incident cases, prevalent cases and DALY value of pneumoconiosis showed upward trends, while the number of death cases showed downward trends. And the ASR of incidence (ASIR), the ASR of prevalence (ASPR), the ASR of mortality (ASMR) and the ASR of DALY (ASDR) showed downward trends globally and in China. China accounted for a large proportion of the global disease burden of penumoconiosis, accounting for more than 67% of the incident cases, more than 80% of the prevalent cases, more than 43% of the deaths cases and more than 60% of the absolute number of DALY in the world every year. Male were the main population of pneumoconiosis disease burden globally and in China, and the age of onset was earlier than that of female. The peak age periods of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 have increased. Silicosis was still the type with the highest disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China. The disease burden of coal workers' pneumoconiosis had an overall improvement trend, but asbestosis had an increasing disease burden worldwide. Conclusion: The disease burden of pneumoconiosis is heavy globally and in China, which is necessary to strengthen the supervision and prevention measures according to gender, age and etiological types.

CT Findings in People Who Were Environmentally Exposed to Asbestos in Korea

Asbestos related pleuropulmonary disease has been emerging health problem for recent years. It can cause variable clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities. However, there has been no report for their characteristics in subjects who were environmentally exposed to asbestos. We reviewed the CT images of 35 people who were environmentally exposed to asbestos in Chungnam province, Korea. The study result showed high incidence of pleural plaque and pulmonary fibrosis on chest CT (94% and 77%, respectively). The common CT findings of lung parenchymal lesions were as follows: centrilobular opacities (94%), subpleural dot-like or branching opacities (80%), interlobular septal thickening (57%), intralobular interstitial thickening (46%), parenchymal bands (43%) and subpleural curvilinear line (29%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis and pleural plaques according to sex, age and duration of exposure. In conclusion, pleural plaque and pulmonary fibrosis are common asbestos-related CT finding in the exposed people. Asbestos related lung parenchymal CT findings in the participants with environmental exposure show similar to those observed in the occupational exposure.

Asbestose: uma questão de saúde pública / Asbestose: a question of public health

Este presente trabalho busca construir uma revisão de literatura sobre a asbestose, uma pneumoconiose, nas últimas décadas. Descrevo seu histórico na século XX, sua epidemiologia e de algumas neoplasias associadas, a mineralogia com seus dois grandes grupos, a importância da exposição ocupacional, sua patogênese ainda não totalmente compreendida, sua histopatologia, suas manifestações clínicas típicas, a conduta médica para o diagnóstico e prognóstico, usando exames complementares e o manejo desta doença ocupacional nas complicações, no tratamento e na profilaxia. Analiso sua relação com o desenvolvimento do mesotelioma, o principal tumor maligno. Conclui que a asbestose é uma pneumoconiose grave e não havendo tratamento efetivo, as medidas adotadas no controle desta doença ocupacional são as profiláticas e principalmente sua proibição.

Exposição ao asbesto / Exposure to asbestos

A exposição ao asbesto, também conhecido como amianto que possuem propriedades comerciais valiosas por ser resistente ao fogo, ácidos e álcalis, baixa condução de calor e de som, facilidade de manipulação, resistência elétrica e resistência ao estiramento. É amplamente utilizado na indústria de fibrocimento, na indústria naval e na indústria têxtil. Há dois tipos de fibras de asbesto, as serpentinas e os antifólios que tem propriedades químicas diferentes, mas ambas com efeito nocivo à saúde do trabalhador. Doenças associadas à exposição do asbesto como, asbestose, câncer de pulmão, alterações pleurais benignas e mesotelioma pleural e de peritônio são dose dependente e variam de acordo com a susceptibilidade individual...

Overview of Asbestos Issues in Korea

Asbestos is a carcinogen that causes diseases such as mesothelioma and lung cancer in humans. There was a sharp increase in the use of asbestos in Korea in the 1970s as Korea's economy developed rapidly, and asbestos was only recently banned from use. Despite the ban of its use, previously applied asbestos still causes many problems. A series of asbestos-related events that recently occurred in Korea have caused the general public to become concerned about asbestos. Therefore, it is necessary to take proper action to deal with asbestos-related events, such as mass outbreaks of mesothelioma among residents who lived near asbestos textile factories or asbestos mines. Although there have been no rapid increases in asbestos-related illnesses in Korea to date, such illnesses are expected to increase greatly due to the amount of asbestos used and long latency period. Decreasing the asbestos exposure level to levels as low as possible is the most important step in preventing asbestos-related illnesses in the next few decades. However, there is a lack of specialized facilities for the analysis of asbestos and experts to diagnose and treat asbestos-related illnesses in Korea; therefore, national-level concern and support are required.

Exposição ocupacional e ocorrência de pneumoconioses na região de Campinas (SP) Brasil, 1978-2003 / Occupational exposure and occurrence of pneumoconioses in Campinas, Brazil, 1978-2003

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e consolidar uma ampla base de dados acerca da ocorrência das pneumoconioses numa região industrializada do Brasil, com especial referência às atividades mais freqüentemente relacionadas a essas doenças. MÉTODOS: Numa avaliação retrospectiva observacional, coletaram-se dados referentes à casuística ambulatorial das pneumoconioses no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, entre o período de 1978 e 2003. Incluíram-se os indivíduos com diagnóstico de pneumoconiose, com base no histórico ocupacional e no radiograma do tórax, segundo recomendações da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, de 1980 e 2000, com anormalidades compatíveis com comprometimento intersticial do parênquima pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 1.147 casos de pneumoconiose (1.075 homens e 72 mulheres), sendo 1.061 casos (92,5 por cento) de silicose, 51 (4,45 por cento) de pneumoconiose por poeira mista, 15 (1,31 por cento) de asbestose, 13 (1,13 por cento) de pneumoconiose por rocha fosfática e 7 (0,61 por cento) de outras pneumoconioses (por carvão, grafite e metais duros). As alterações radiológicas com profusão 1/0, 1/1 e 1/2 e as pequenas opacidades regulares p, q e r foram as mais freqüentes, tendo sido identificados 192 casos (16,74 por cento) com grandes opacidades. Observou-se redução pronunciada da ocorrência dos casos a partir da década de 1990; adicionalmente, o tempo de exposição foi caracteristicamente mais breve do que o observado em série norte-americana. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do presente estudo estabelecem uma ampla base de dados para a investigação da ocorrência de pneumoconioses numa região industrializada brasileira, tornando factível a realização de estudos de seguimento e a elaboração de políticas de saúde relacionadas aos agravos respiratórios ocupacionais.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and consolidate a comprehensive database on the occurrence of pneumoconioses in an industrialized region of Brazil, with a special focus on the activities most frequently related to these diseases. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in order to gather data on cases of pneumoconioses treated at the outpatient clinic of the State University at Campinas Hospital das Clínicas between 1978 and 2003. Individuals diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, based on their occupational history and on chest X-ray findings of abnormalities consistent with interstitial lung disease involving the parenchyma, in accordance with the 1980 and 2000 recommendations of the International Labour Organization, were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 1147 cases of pneumoconiosis were identified (1075 in males and 72 in females): 1061 cases of silicosis (92.5 percent); 51 cases of mixed-dust pneumoconiosis (4.45 percent); 15 cases of asbestosis (1.31 percent); 13 cases of phosphate rock-related pneumoconiosis (1.13 percent); and 7 cases of other types of pneumoconiosis (0.6 percent), including those related to exposure to coal, graphite and hard metals. The most common chest X-ray findings were 1/0, 1/1 or 1/2 profusion and small regular opacities (p, q or r), although 192 patients (16.74 percent) presented large opacities. There has been a substantial decline in the occurrence of the disease since the 1990s, and the duration of exposure was typically shorter than that observed in a study conducted in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have been compiled into a comprehensive database for the investigation of pneumoconiosis in an industrialized area of Brazil. These data make it possible to conduct follow-up studies and develop health policies related to occupational respiratory disorders.

Radiografía de tórax en trabajadores de asbesto-cemento

Se revisaron las radiografías de tórax de 800 trabajadores con exposición ocupacional a asbesto-cemento, de los cuales se seleccionaron 29 pacientes con evidencia radiológica de alteraciones pleurales o pulmonares relacionadas con la exposición a esta fibra mineral. Elpromedio de edad de los casos positivos, fue de 54.4 años, y el promedio de tiempo de exposición de 27 años. En el 89.6 por ciento de los casos positivos se observaron alteraciones pleurales de diversa índole con calcificación pleural en un tercio de éstos. En el 65.9 por ciento de los casos se encontró enfermedad pulmonar instersticial, con pulmón en panal de abejas en el 6.9 por ciento. Se encontró un caso de CA escamocelular y un caso de mesotelioma. Se revisa la fisiopatología de la asbestosis pleural y pulmonar y los hallazgos radiológicos de estas aletraciones.

Doenças pulmonares ocupacionais: II. Asbestose / Occupational pulmonary diseases: II. Asbestosis

A exposiçäo ambiental e ocupacional a poeiras de asbesto constitui-se num dos riscos desafiantes, graves e complexo. Seus efeitos, descritos há relativamente pouco tempo, väo desde a fibrose intersticial - a "asbestose" propriamente dita -, passando pela fibrose, pelas calcificaçöes pleurais, e pelo aumento inusitado de tumores malignos, ou seja, o câncer broncogênico, os mesoteliomas de pleura e peritônio, até os tumores malignos da laringe e do trato gastrintestinal. Neste artigo de atualizaçäo, a asbestose é revista a luz da literatura, particularmente quanto aos mecanismos etiopatogênicos, a anatomia particularmente quanto aos mecanismos etiopatogênicos, a anatomia patológica, oas achado clínicos laboratoriais, radiológicos e funcionais úteis para diagnóstico e para a vigilânica de trabalhadores expostos ao asbesto. A epidemiologia da asbestose é baseada nas informaçöes sobre a distribuiçäo da doença no Brasil

Asbestosis en trabajadores expuestos

Se estudia la prevalencia de asbestosis en ochenta y dos (82) trabajadores de la Fábrica Dominicana de Asbesto, encontrándose un alto porcentaje de la misma en forma que tal el 42.6% de los trabajadores padecían la enfermedad. La mayoría laboraba horas extras y enía más de diez años en contacto con el asbecto. Cabe destacar que el 49% del los trabajadores investigados desconocían los potenciales peligros del asbesto para la salud

Memórias de la Reunion sobre Asbesto y Salud en America Latina

Más de 120 empresas brasileñas están utilizando el asbesto y se estima que 20.000 trabajadores están expuestos a este mineral, 3.000 en la minería y 3.000 en industrias de material de fricción (balatas para frenos y embargues) pero la actividad que ocupa el mayor número de obreros es la de productos de asbesto-cemento que emplea cerca de 12.000. Es muy importante destacar que desde 1956 unicamente 70 casos de asbestosis y uno de mesotelioma pleural fueron diagnosticados en Brasil y que somente 25 fueron publicados en revistas médicas. Tomando en consideración que 20.000 obreros están expuestos al poluo de asbesto, los 70 casos diagnosticados deben representar una fracción muy pequeña de los casos que realmente deben de existir, una vez que es imposible admitir que un número tan grande de obreros se exponga al poluo de asbesto en condiciones no muy bien conocidas con excepción de lo que sucede en las grandes empresas, sin presentar asbestosis o mesotelioma pleural.